Barcelona has launched a groundbreaking power generation system that captures energy from train braking to power the metro network, its stations, and nearby electric vehicle (EV) charging stations.
The project, MetroCharge, employs regenerative braking technology, which recovers kinetic energy when a train slows down. This reclaimed energy is then redistributed across the metro system, helping to power trains, station facilities, and EV chargers.
While regenerative braking is not a new concept, Barcelona’s innovative application of the technology sets it apart. Traditionally, braking energy is dissipated as heat, but regenerative braking systems use electric motors to recover and store this energy for future use. Currently, one-third of the regenerated energy is used to propel running trains, while the remaining portion powers station operations, including escalators, lighting, and EV charging stations.
According to Álvaro Luna, professor of electrical engineering at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, what makes the system unique is its ability to redirect surplus energy to local infrastructure, such as charging parked EVs. This efficient use of energy not only reduces overall power consumption but also helps cut operational costs.
MetroCharge’s future expansion
Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB), the city’s transit operator, has already installed three inverters and plans to add 13 more by September 2025. The total investment for the project is €7.3 million, partially funded by the European Union. TMB anticipates recouping this investment within four years through energy savings and additional revenue streams.
The MetroCharge system also integrates solar panels, further strengthening the metro’s renewable energy mix and enhancing Barcelona’s sustainability efforts.
Launched in July 2024, MetroCharge started with four EV charging stations, aligning with the European Union’s broader efforts to phase out combustion engines and accelerate the transition to green energy. Once fully implemented, the regenerative braking system is expected to generate 41% of the energy required to operate metro trains, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 3,885 metric tons annually.
Economic and Environmental Benefits
Beyond its environmental impact, MetroCharge also brings economic advantages. The project has created new jobs in both the construction and operational phases, employing engineers, electricians, and maintenance personnel.
Additionally, businesses near EV charging hubs are seeing an increase in foot traffic, further boosting the local economy. By integrating smart energy solutions, Barcelona is setting a precedent for other cities seeking cost-effective and sustainable public transport solutions.
Looking ahead, MetroCharge could expand to more areas of Barcelona, increasing public access to EV charging stations. TMB is also exploring the use of regenerative braking technology in other forms of public transport, such as trams and buses. This potential expansion could significantly enhance the city’s renewable energy footprint, reinforcing Barcelona’s position as a leader in urban sustainability.
