Spring is on the horizon and, with it, the much-anticipated annual three-week opening of the Royal Greenhouses of Laeken, offering a rare opportunity to visit this historical, architectural and botanical wonder in the Belgian capital. The greenhouses will be open from 18 April to 11 May this year, with ticket sales starting on 20 March. Given the high demand, it is strongly recommended to book early.
Commissioned by King Leopold II in the late 19th century – when Belgium was the first industrial nation on the Continent and second in the world – this steel and glass complex of greenhouses was designed by Alphonse Balat and completed between 1874 and 1905. It is part of the Royal Domain of Laeken, the official residence of the Belgian royal family.
The Royal Greenhouses of Laeken, a masterpiece of iron and glass, create the impression of a luminous ‘glass city’. While the complex features numerous prominent glass cupolas, particularly over key structures like the Winter Garden, its design encompasses a network of interconnected pavilions and galleries. Wide arcades, reminiscent of covered streets, link these spaces, contributing to the unified architectural experience.
Three structures stand out: the Winter Garden, crowned with a 25-metre-high glass dome, houses towering palm trees, some dating to King Leopold II’s reign and still used for grand receptions; the Congo Greenhouse, as the name indicates, is linked to the country’s colonial past and has a subtropical trees, from palm to rubber and fern; and the Iron Church, originally intended as a royal chapel remains an architectural curiosity. These structures, and the overall design, profoundly influenced Belgium’s architecture of the time and their influence throughout the world.
Balat introduced decorative plant and floral motifs into these steel constructions, marking a first step towards Art Nouveau, which was further developed by his apprentice, none other than Victor Horta. At the time, other wondrous glass structures existed, but King Leopold II’s vision for his palace was particularly ambitious, as evidenced by his correspondence with the architect.
The botanical collection held in the greenhouses is vast and includes rare and exotic species. Key highlights of the tour are no doubt the collection of ancient camellias, one of the largest in the world, the collection of royal azaleas, and the 200–400-year-old orange trees, which envelop visitors in a heady, fragrant atmosphere. The impressive variety of tropical and subtropical plants creates a jungle-like atmosphere, making it easy to visualise wild creatures emerging from the lush foliage. Among these, the giant Victoria amazonica water lilies are must-see.
Walking through the glass structure is a multi-sensory experience where the interplay of lights, scents, and textures enhances the sense of immersion. The myriad shades of green and the explosion of colour from the flowers create a true feast for the eyes. The rustling of leaves, the occasional chirping of birds, or the sound of footsteps on stone paths contribute to an unforgettable experience.
Don’t miss the Royal Parc of Laeken where if you are lucky you will witness the full-bloom cherry blossom, by the lake from where the Japanese tower at the Royal Castle of Laeken is visible. The greenhouses open in spring to showcase the plants at their peak, ensuring visitors get the best of the experience.
The Greenhouse will be open from 18 April- 11 May. Ticket sales start on 20 March. Located within the Royal Domain of Laeken, public entrance is through specific entrances indicated in the official website. Do come wearing comfortable shoes as the domain is very big and walking distances can be long.
