Bulgaria, a country often overlooked in Eastern Europe, has a rich historical background. Interestingly, at its peak, it was nearly twice its current size, stretching toward three seas in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. For many years the country has been witnessing turbulent historical events that have made it a haven for history lovers. However, there is much more than just history. Bulgaria’s land is rich in natural wonders. It is home to more than 6,000 documented caves, varying in depth and length, as well as approximately 3,900 species of flora. Given the country’s size – only 111,000 km2, this is pretty impressive.
While there are opportunities to explore the mountains, the coastlines, and other regions popular amongst locals, there are several landmarks you have to visit at least once in your lifetime. Here’s a short list:
1. Krushuna waterfalls
The Krushuna Waterfalls are located in northern Bulgaria, near the village of Krushuna, Letnitsa Municipality, approximately a 30-minute drive from Lovech. This hidden gem, mostly popular among locals, offers an eco-trail for nature enthusiasts. Formed by numerous travertines, the cascades offer a spot for memorable experiences. Travertine in itself is a form of limestone found around mineral springs and more specifically hot springs.
There are several waterfalls, with the highest one being 15 metres tall. Visitors can follow the eco-trail leading to most of the falls and explore not only the waterfalls but also nearby springs and rock formations.
While being “active” throughout the whole year, the Krushuna waterfalls are most suitable for a visit during the spring, when the surrounding landscape is green and blooming, and the falls are at their fullest.
2. Belogradchik rocks
Sculpted by time the Belogradchik rocks are one of Bulgaria’s unique natural landmarks. These rock formations resemble figures, fortresses, pyramids, and other shapes, inspiring myths and legends.
Since 2011, this site has been on Bulgaria’s tentative list for inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage List. Interestingly, the Belogradchik Rocks were also nominated in 2007 for the global New 7 Wonders of Nature, and for a long time, they were a leader in their category.
The vastness of the sculptures spans more than 30km in length and 5km in width. According to research, the Belogradchik rocks started forming around 230 million years ago, during the creation of the Balkan Mountains, as a result of shifting tectonic layers.
According to an old legend, some of the rocks tell the story of love, sorrow, and petrification. The tale is about a young nun named Vitinia, and her forbidden love, who were petrified together among the towering rocks. Their figures stand amidst the Belogradchik Rocks, telling a tale of love that defied all odds.
3. Devil’s Throat Cave and Trigrad Gorge
An immense part of Bulgaria’s picturesque landscape, the Trigrad Gorge is a canyon in the Rhodope Mountains that stretches approximately 7km. At its bottom flows the Trigrad River, whose water sculpted the gorge’s walls millions of years ago.
This formation leads to a mysterious cave, known as the Devil’s Throat. The name comes from the shape of the former entrance (now – exit), which resembles a devil’s head. In the past, the cave was called Klokotnik (from klokot – a Bulgarian word used to describe the sound of pouring water), inspired by the rumbling sounds of water echoing through the entrance. The cave was formed by the collapse of underground rock layers. This has created a steep and dramatic descent. Its main chamber houses the highest underground waterfall in the Balkans, which is an interesting sight for visitors.
The Devil’s Throat has inspired numerous legends, dating back to the time of the Thracians, populating this land in the past. One famous myth claims that it was through this cave that Orpheus descended into Hades’ underground kingdom to save his beloved Eurydice.
4. 7 Rila Lakes
The Seven Rila Lakes are situated within the Rila National Park, the largest protected area in Bulgaria. Nestled in the Rila mountain range, the Seven Rila Lakes offer an alpine adventure not only for experienced hikers but also for beginners. The hiking trail to the top covers around 10 kilometres, so it is advisable to dedicate an entire day to this experience.
Once at the top, visitors can relax and take in the scenic view of the lakes, each of which has a unique name reflecting its characteristics. For example, the lake that is located at the highest altitude is named “The Tear” because of the transparency of its waters. Additionally, “The Kidney” is the lake with the steepest banks of the whole group, having the shape of a kidney bean.
5. Melnik Earth pyramids
The Melnik Earth Pyramids are a year-round destination that was recognized as a natural landmark in Bulgaria in 1960. These geological formations are among the most impressive natural landmarks in the country, attracting both national and international tourists.
The name of the pyramids comes from their close proximity to city of Melnik, the smallest town in Bulgaria, known for its traditional wine production.
Shaped by erosion over thousands of years, the pyramids take fascinating forms, with some resembling towers, spires, and cones. This remarkable natural wonder adds to the region’s charm, making it a must-visit location in Bulgaria.
